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  3. U.S. Presidents

U.S. Presidents

America’s Founding Fathers decided that one elected civilian—the U.S. president—would lead the executive branch of the federal government, a governmental structure that has remained in place for more than 200 years.

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Presidential Election Facts

With more than two centuries’ worth of U.S. presidential elections, the historical ledger is filled with an array of facts. For example, when Donald Trump was named the 45th president, he was really only the 44th president because Grover Cleveland is counted twice. And with Article II, Section 1, Clause 5 of the U.S. Constitution […]

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American politician and United States President Harry S. Truman (1884-1972) speaks from the dais at the Convention Hall as Vice President Alben W. Barkley (1877-1956) looks on during the Democratic National Convention on July 14, 1948 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Memorable Elections

2016 Candidates: Hillary Clinton (Democrat), Donald Trump (Republican), Jill Stein (Green Party), Gary Johnson (Libertarian)Winner: Donald TrumpPopular Vote: 65,844,610 (Clinton) to 62,979,636 (Trump)Electoral College: 227 (Clinton) to 304 (Trump) The 2016 election was one of five elections in U.S. history in which the winner of the electoral votes did not carry the popular vote. Hillary […]

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Texas Governor John Connally adjusts his tie (foreground) as President and Mrs. Kennedy, in a pink outfit, settled in rear seats, prepared for motorcade into city from airport, Nov. 22. After a few speaking stops, the President was assassinated in the same car.

Assassination of John F. Kennedy

Lee Harvey Oswald’s Earlier Life Oswald was born in New Orleans in 1939. His father died of a heart attack two months before he was born. After living off and on in orphanages as a boy, he moved with his mother to New York at age 12, where he was sent to a youth detention […]

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Why Native Americans Have Protested Mount Rushmore?

Mount Rushmore

The Loss of a Sacred Land In the Treaty of Fort Laramie, signed in 1868 by Sioux tribes and General William T. Sherman, the U.S. government promised the Sioux “undisturbed use and occupation” of territory including the Black Hills, in what is now South Dakota. But the discovery of gold in the region soon led […]

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America 101: What Qualifications Do You Need to Be President?

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Advice from the Founding Fathers: Thomas Jefferson

Over the course of his life, Thomas Jefferson developed a list of ideas for those wishing to be on their best personal behavior. A Dozen Canons of Conduct in Life, is a list he sent to his granddaughter, Cornelia Jefferson Randolph.

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2:21 minTV-PG

George Washington: Greatest Challenges

After George Washington took the oath of office on April 30, 1789 in New York City, he faced a variety of leadership challenges, both foreign and domestic.

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2:14 minTV-14

LBJ, Before the War on Poverty

LBJ spent time after college teaching impoverished Mexican-American immigrants on the border of Texas and Mexico, an experience that shaped his personality and presidential ambitions.

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4:25 minTV-PG

Here’s Why President Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Was a Failure

Learn what inspired President Taft to implement Dollar Diplomacy — getting Americans to invest money in other countries to maintain global influence — from 1909 to 1913. See how this policy failed in China, as well as in Central America and Mexico.

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How FDR's 'Fireside Chats' Helped Calm a Nation in Crisis

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How FDR’s ‘Fireside Chats’ Helped Calm a Nation in Crisis

As Americans confronted a banking crisis, the Great Depression and then World War II, FDR talked to Americans through radio broadcasts.

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George Washington

How Washington’s Farewell Address Inspired Future Presidents

The fears he raised about the future of the nation—including excessive debt, hyper-partisanship and foreign interference in elections—were remarkably prescient.

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How Lincoln and Grant’s Partnership Won the Civil War

Abraham Lincoln was disappointed by most of his generals—but not Ulysses S. Grant.

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Ronald Reagan as a lifeguard.

46 Surprising Facts About 46 Presidents

From a 19th-century president who killed a man in a duel, to a 20th-century leader who once worked as a lifeguard, learn surprising facts about each U.S. president.

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1974

“All the President’s Men” published, detailing the Watergate scandal

U.S. Presidents
1866

Ulysses S. Grant arrested for speeding in his horse buggy, newspaper reports

U.S. Presidents
1986

Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter spend wedding anniversary building Habitat for Humanity home

U.S. Presidents
1973

Existence of Watergate tapes is revealed in live testimony

U.S. Presidents
1972

Joe Biden loses first wife and daughter in tragic car accident

U.S. Presidents
2020

President Trump announces he and the first lady tested positive for COVID-19

U.S. Presidents
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